Fourth century onward — Latin transmission. The benediction was present in the ancient Latin stream.
Earliest surviving Greek support: Sixth century — Codex D.
Romans 16:24
The Grace Benediction
KJV Reading Defended
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
Why the KJV Reading Is Retained
Modern editions omit Romans 16:24 from this location, while the KJV/TR includes the benediction.
Disputed unit
The entire benediction at verse 24, including every name, pronoun and amen in the displayed order.
Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportLatin supportSyriac supportLectionary supportComplex evidence
Evidence assessment
The official 152-witness Romans apparatus has 89 exact full forms at verse 24, 18 related or qualified inclusions, 15 omissions and 30 witnesses deficient for the verse.
Primary support for the KJV reading
A large exact group in the complete 152-witness selected apparatus
King James Bible reading
Romans 16:24 in the King James Bible
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
Evidence sources
Where the evidence on this page comes from.
Sources used for the witnesses, readings, dates, and notes on this page. Complete citations appear in the References section at the end of the page.
Governing apparatus and count scope
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
- B. M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament
- IGNTP/ITSEE Pauline Epistles electronic editions
- IGNTP/ITSEE Romans direct-transcription synopsis
- IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, negative apparatus
- IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, positive apparatus
- IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, version 1.1
- INTF Kurzgefasste Liste / NTVMR manuscript metadata
- INTF, Editio Critica Maior project status (Pauline letters in preparation with ITSEE/IGNTP)
- Official COMPAUL Latin transcriptions, Romans files
- University of Birmingham ITSEE, Vetus Latina manuscript register
Earliest KJV-supporting evidence
The earliest reviewed support at a glance.
Primary support for the KJV reading
A large exact group in the complete 152-witness selected apparatus
The sections below preserve each supporting, competing, and related record under its proper evidence type.
Majority Text standing
Presence of the benediction
The complete KJV/TR benediction is the numerical majority form in the selected Greek corpus and the dominant later reading.
Estimated Greek support: 89 exact states in the selected apparatus; approximately 500 to 600 Greek manuscripts in the wider tradition
The exact selected-apparatus count is stated first. The wider estimate reflects the several-hundred-manuscript Pauline tradition and is intentionally presented as a range rather than as a fresh universal collation.
Source scope and denominator
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
Greek support in the cited corpus
89 exact full forms
Greek competing evidence in the cited corpus
15 omissions; 18 related; 30 deficient
Lectionary evidence
Greek lectionaries contain the verse
Principal competing witnesses named in the snapshot
- P46
- P61
- Codex Sinaiticus (01)
- Codex Vaticanus (03)
Evidence represented on this page
Greek manuscripts
Represented
Ancient versions
Represented
Church fathers
No entry listed
Printed editions
No entry listed
Complete source-scoped roster
Complete roster within the stated source scope.
This roster preserves every named or grouped state recovered in the governing sources, including exact readings, competing readings, corrections, related forms, lacunae, versions, and aggregate traditions. When Maj or Byz appears on the KJV side, it marks the numerically dominant Greek transmission at that unit. The green Majority Text card above supplies the best available passage-specific estimate. The grouped siglum is then retained so it is not mistaken for one individual manuscript.
Apparatus and roster scope
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
- Greek support in cited scope
- 89 exact full forms
- Greek competing evidence in cited scope
- 15 omissions; 18 related; 30 deficient
- Evidence classification
- A large exact group in the complete 152-witness selected apparatus
Complete benediction
KJV/TR unit: ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. ἀμήν.
Exact complete form
Supports the KJV/TR form06 020 044 049 1 6 33 38 43 88 103K 104 218 256 263 326 330 365 398 400 424K 436 441K 451 455K 459 467 606K 608K 629 886K 915 1069 1108 1115 1175 1241 1319 1359 1505 1524K 1611 1617 1718 1751 1798K 1837 1838 1875 1877 1881 1886 1893 1908K 1909K 1942K 1947K 1961K 1962K 1963K 1973K 1987K 1991K 1995K 1996K 1999K 2000K 2012K 2105K 2197K 2344 2352 2400 2495 2523 2544 2576K 2659K 2685 2853 2936K L169 L587 L809 L1159 L1178 L1188 L1440 L2058
Related or qualified inclusion
Related or qualified evidence35 69 012 025 61 630 1243 1573 1834 1846 1852 1912 1950K 1985K 2102K 2200 2516 L2010
Verse omitted
Competing readingP46 P61 01 02 03 04 0150K 5 81 621K 623K 1739 2110K 2127 2464
Whole-verse deficient
Non-directional evidenceP10 P26 P27 P31 P40 P94 P113 P118 P131 048 0172 0209 0219 0220 0221 0278 0285 0289 0311 1506K 1987SK 1991S1K 1991S2K 2400S 2816S L23 L60 L156 L1126 L1298
COMPAUL Latin exact
Supports the KJV/TR formVL135 VL51 VL54 VL58 VL75 VL86 VL88
COMPAUL Latin related
Related or qualified evidenceVL61 VL76 VL77 VL78
COMPAUL Latin omission
Competing readingVL89
Latin edition text
Competing readingGrouped evidence: Stuttgart Vulgate electronic text
The Stuttgart Vulgate electronic text marks the verse absent.
Pelagius editorial lemma
Related or qualified evidenceGrouped evidence: Pelagius editorial lemma
Pelagius’s lemma is the full benediction; its edition records variants omitting Jesus Christ and/or amen.
Roster distinctions
- GA 630 is related, not exact: it reads μεθ’ ὑμῶν and omits amen.
- Witnesses that also copy the benediction later are not described as relocating it away from verse 24.
Evidence notes
Important distinctions in the evidence.
- GA 630 is related, not exact: it reads μεθ’ ὑμῶν and omits amen.
- Witnesses that also copy the benediction later are not described as relocating it away from verse 24.
Evidence assessment
Why the KJV reading is retained
The official 152-witness Romans apparatus has 89 exact full forms at verse 24, 18 related or qualified inclusions, 15 omissions and 30 witnesses deficient for the verse.
Primary support for the KJV reading
A large exact group in the complete 152-witness selected apparatus
Evidence represented on this page
Evidence types, without turning rows into votes.
GreekRepresented
LatinRepresented
Other versionsRepresented
FathersNot listed
Printed editionsNot listed
References
Editions and works cited.
Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung. New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room. Münster: University of Münster.
Aland, Barbara, et al., eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th rev. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012.
Robinson, Maurice A., and William G. Pierpont. The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2018. Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2018.
Tyndale House, Cambridge, ed. The Greek New Testament. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2017.
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, version 1.1
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, positive apparatus
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, negative apparatus
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans direct-transcription synopsis. Verse-24 rows for 33, 104 and 025.
Official COMPAUL Latin transcriptions
Official COMPAUL Latin transcriptions, Romans files. Individual Romans files follow .../transcriptions/06_VL61.xml.
IGNTP/ITSEE Pauline Epistles electronic editions
INTF, Editio Critica Maior project status (Pauline letters in preparation with ITSEE/IGNTP)