Interactive evidence databaseGreek, versions, fathers

Explore the manuscript evidence behind contested Bible passages.

Search disputed New Testament readings and compare Greek manuscripts, ancient versions, patristic quotations, and evidence for and against the KJV/TR reading.

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Passages

1,078

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Source groups

Where to start

Five ways into the evidence.

Passage Index

Browse every contested reading with filters, sorting, and full-text search.

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Manuscripts

See where each Greek witness supports or opposes a reading.

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Church Fathers

Patristic quotations grouped by early Christian writer.

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Ancient Versions

Latin, Syriac, Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Georgian, and more.

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Oldest & Best

A close examination of Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus.

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Featured passages

Start where the footnotes get interesting.

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1 John 5:7

The Heavenly Witnesses

Limited Greek support

For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.

Support

5 main-text Greek manuscripts plus 5 marginal Greek witnesses

Against

500+ Greek manuscripts containing 1 John omit the Comma

Doctrinal variantComplex evidenceLatin supportPatristic support

Mark 16:9-20

The Longer Ending of Mark

99.8%

Mark 16:9-20, the longer ending of Mark.

Support

1,653 Greek manuscripts

Against

3 Greek manuscripts, including Sinaiticus and Vaticanus

Major omitted passageMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

John 7:53-8:11

The Woman Taken in Adultery

Large Greek and lectionary support

The account of the woman taken in adultery.

Support

1,495 Greek manuscripts, in whole or in part

Against

Major early Greek witnesses omit it

Major omitted passageComplex evidenceMajority Greek supportPatristic support

Acts 8:37

The Ethiopian Eunuch's Confession

Not a majority-Greek support case

And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.

Support

About 10 to 12 principal Greek witnesses

Against

Majority of Greek manuscripts

Doctrinal variantComplex evidenceLatin supportPatristic support

John 5:3b-4

The Angel at Bethesda

About 95 percent of extant Greek copies of John

Waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water.

Support

1,400+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 15 principal Greek witnesses

Major omitted passageMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Matthew 17:21

Prayer and Fasting

approx. 99.4%

Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting.

Support

About 99.4 percent of Greek manuscripts

Against

Approximately 10 Greek manuscripts

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Matthew 18:11

The Son of Man Came to Save

Vast majority of Greek manuscripts

For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost.

Support

1,500+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Matthew 23:14

Woe to the Scribes and Pharisees

Strong majority of Greek manuscripts

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.

Support

1,000+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportSyriac support

Mark 7:16

Ears to Hear

Vast majority of Greek manuscripts

If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.

Support

1,500+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 20 principal Greek witnesses

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Mark 9:44 and Mark 9:46

Their Worm Dieth Not

Vast majority of Greek manuscripts

Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.

Support

1,500+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportLatin supportSyriac support

Mark 11:26

Forgiveness and Prayer

Over 95 percent of Greek manuscripts of Mark

But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses.

Support

Over 95 percent of Greek manuscripts of Mark, approximately 1,585+ manuscripts

Against

Under 5 percent of Greek manuscripts of Mark, fewer than 85 manuscripts

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Mark 15:28

Numbered With the Transgressors

Large majority of Greek manuscripts

And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.

Support

1,000+ Greek manuscripts

Against

Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses

Short omitted phraseMajority Greek supportPatristic supportLatin support

Browse by category

Six lenses on the same evidence.

Major Omitted Passages

Long-form readings with major footnotes and large evidence profiles.

Oldest and Best Footnotes

Readings commonly introduced by modern manuscript-footnote language.

Doctrinal Variants

Places where the reading carries doctrinal or confessional weight.

Majority Greek Support

Readings with broad Greek manuscript support.

Patristic Evidence

Passages connected to early Christian writers and quotations.

Latin and Versional Evidence

Latin, Syriac, Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Georgian, Ethiopic, and Slavonic witnesses.

How it works

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