Explore the manuscript evidence behind contested Bible passages.
Search disputed New Testament readings and compare Greek manuscripts, ancient versions, patristic quotations, and evidence for and against the KJV/TR reading.
Featured passages
Start where the footnotes get interesting.
1 John 5:7
The Heavenly Witnesses
For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.
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5 main-text Greek manuscripts plus 5 marginal Greek witnesses
Against
500+ Greek manuscripts containing 1 John omit the Comma
Mark 16:9-20
The Longer Ending of Mark
Mark 16:9-20, the longer ending of Mark.
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1,653 Greek manuscripts
Against
3 Greek manuscripts
John 7:53-8:11
The Woman Taken in Adultery
The account of the woman taken in adultery.
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1,495 Greek manuscripts, in whole or in part
Against
Major early Greek witnesses omit it
Acts 8:37
The Ethiopian Eunuch's Confession
And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
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About 10 to 12 principal Greek witnesses
Against
Majority of Greek manuscripts
John 5:3b-4
The Angel at Bethesda
Waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water.
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1,400+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 15 principal Greek witnesses
Matthew 17:21
Prayer and Fasting
Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting.
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About 99.4 percent of Greek manuscripts
Against
10 Greek manuscripts
Matthew 18:11
The Son of Man Came to Save
For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost.
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1,500+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses
Matthew 23:14
Woe to the Scribes and Pharisees
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.
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1,000+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses
Mark 7:16
Ears to Hear
If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.
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1,500+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 20 principal Greek witnesses
Mark 9:44 and Mark 9:46
Their Worm Dieth Not
Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.
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1,500+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses
Mark 11:26
Forgiveness and Prayer
But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses.
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Over 95 percent of Greek manuscripts of Mark, approximately 1,585+ manuscripts
Against
Under 5 percent of Greek manuscripts of Mark, fewer than 85 manuscripts
Mark 15:28
Numbered With the Transgressors
And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.
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1,000+ Greek manuscripts
Against
Fewer than 30 principal Greek witnesses
Major Omitted Passages
Long-form readings with major footnotes and large evidence profiles.
Oldest and Best Footnotes
Readings commonly introduced by modern manuscript-footnote language.
Doctrinal Variants
Places where the reading carries doctrinal or confessional weight.
Majority Greek Support
Readings where the paper lists broad Greek manuscript support.
Patristic Evidence
Passages connected to early Christian writers and quotations.
Latin and Versional Evidence
Latin, Syriac, Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Georgian, Ethiopic, and Slavonic witnesses.
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