Romans 8:1
KJV Reading Defended
There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.
Why the KJV Reading Is Retained
The KJV/TR includes the full final clause in Romans 8:1, while strong early witnesses omit it and another group preserves a shorter added clause.
Disputed unit
The words following τοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: the full flesh-and-Spirit clause, the flesh-only clause, omission and related forms.
Evidence assessment
In the official 152-witness Romans apparatus, the exact full clause has 92 reading states. Twelve omit the clause, thirteen have the shorter flesh-only clause, and the remaining states are related, partial or deficient.
Primary support for the KJV reading
Extensive Greek support in the selected Romans corpus, including corrected early codices
King James Bible reading
There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.
Evidence sources
Sources used for the witnesses, readings, dates, and notes on this page. Complete citations appear in the References section at the end of the page.
Governing apparatus and count scope
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
Earliest KJV-supporting evidence
Sixth century onward — Byzantine Greek transmission. The complete final clause is present in the Greek tradition by the early medieval period.
Earliest surviving Greek support: Sixth century onward — Byzantine witnesses; the Claromontanus reading belongs to a later correcting hand.
Primary support for the KJV reading
The sections below preserve each supporting, competing, and related record under its proper evidence type.
Majority Text standing
The full flesh-and-Spirit clause
The complete KJV/TR clause is the numerical majority form in the selected Romans apparatus and the dominant later Greek reading.
Estimated Greek support: 92 exact states in the 152-witness apparatus; approximately 500 to 600 Greek manuscripts in the wider tradition
The exact selected-apparatus count is stated first. The wider estimate reflects the several-hundred-manuscript Pauline tradition and is intentionally presented as a range rather than as a fresh universal collation.
Source scope and denominator
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
Greek support in the cited corpus
92 exact states in the 152-witness apparatus
Greek competing evidence in the cited corpus
12 omissions and 13 ordinary shorter states
Lectionary evidence
Lectionaries contain the full clause
Principal competing witnesses named in the snapshot
Evidence represented on this page
Greek manuscripts
Represented
Ancient versions
Represented
Church fathers
No entry listed
Printed editions
No entry listed
Complete source-scoped roster
This roster preserves every named or grouped state recovered in the governing sources, including exact readings, competing readings, corrections, related forms, lacunae, versions, and aggregate traditions. When Maj or Byz appears on the KJV side, it marks the numerically dominant Greek transmission at that unit. The green Majority Text card above supplies the best available passage-specific estimate. The grouped siglum is then retained so it is not mistaken for one individual manuscript.
Apparatus and roster scope
The official Romans ECM-preparation apparatus: 152 selected witnesses. Counts are reading states and preserve hands, corrections, lectionary occurrences and deficiencies.
KJV/TR unit: μὴ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦσιν ἀλλὰ κατὰ πνεῦμα
01C2 06C2 020 025 049 1 5 35 38 43 61 69 88 104 218 326 330 398 400 424K* 441K 451 455K 459f 467 606K 608K 621K 623K 630 915 1069 1108 1115 1175 1241 1359 1505 1524K 1611 1617 1718 1751 1798K 1834 1837 1838 1846 1875 1877 1893C 1908A 1909K 1912 1942K 1950K 1961K 1962K 1963K 1973K 1985K 1987K 1995K 1996K 1999K 2000K 2012K 2102K 2105K 2197K 2200 2352 2400 2464 2495 2516 2523 2544 2576K 2659K-C* 2685C 2853 2936K L156 L169 L587 L809 L1159 L1178 L1188f L1440 L2058
01* 03 04C2 06* 012 6 424K-C 1506K 1739 1881 1908K* 2110K
02 06C1b 044 81 256 263 629 1243 1319 1573 1852 1893* 2127
33V 2659K* 886K L2010 1991K 436 1886 2344 365
0311* 0311C 0150K 1947K 1987SK 1991S1K 1991S2K
VL61 VL76
VL135 VL251 VL51 VL54 VL58 VL78 VL88 VL75C VL86C
VL77 VL89 VL75* VL86*
qui non secundum carnem ambulant
Grouped evidence: Stuttgart Vulgate electronic text
The Stuttgart Vulgate electronic text has the flesh-only form, not the full KJV clause.
Grouped evidence: Ambrosiaster editorial lemma; Pelagius editorial lemma
Ambrosiaster’s lemma is short, with a variant adding the flesh clause only; Pelagius’s lemma is flesh-only, with edition variant B adding sed secundum spiritum.
Grouped evidence: The official Romans apparatus’s whole-verse deficient list for this verse
Deficient rows are kept separate from the subunit lacunae and are not counted as omissions.
614
614 is not one of the 152 selected witnesses of the official Romans apparatus; absence from the corpus is not a reading.
Roster distinctions
Evidence notes
Evidence assessment
In the official 152-witness Romans apparatus, the exact full clause has 92 reading states. Twelve omit the clause, thirteen have the shorter flesh-only clause, and the remaining states are related, partial or deficient.
Primary support for the KJV reading
Extensive Greek support in the selected Romans corpus, including corrected early codices
Evidence represented on this page
References
Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung. New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room. Münster: University of Münster.
Aland, Barbara, et al., eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th rev. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012.
Robinson, Maurice A., and William G. Pierpont. The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2018. Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2018.
Tyndale House, Cambridge, ed. The Greek New Testament. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2017.
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, version 1.1
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, positive apparatus
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans ECM-preparation apparatus, negative apparatus
IGNTP/ITSEE Romans direct-transcription synopsis
Official COMPAUL Latin transcriptions
Official COMPAUL Latin transcriptions, Romans files. Individual Romans files follow .../transcriptions/06_VL61.xml.
IGNTP/ITSEE Pauline Epistles electronic editions
INTF, Editio Critica Maior project status (Pauline letters in preparation with ITSEE/IGNTP)