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Oldest & Best Manuscript Evidence Database

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Showing 16 of 51 passages.

1 John 5:7

The Heavenly Witnesses

Late heterogeneous Greek presence witnesses with much earlier Latin literary and biblical reception

Ten late Greek manuscripts contain a Comma form: five in the biblical text and five as later marginal variants. The forms are heterogeneous rather than ten identical copies of the final Textus Receptus wording. The overwhelming Greek transmission omits the clause. The reading has an earlier and broader Latin reception, beginning with related third-century usage, an explicit complete form in Priscillian, a fifth-century non-continuous Scripture-quotation witness, and seventh-century continuous Latin biblical witnesses.

Earliest KJV support

Earliest related Latin evidence: c. AD 210 — Tertullian, Against Praxeas 25, related three-one theological language.

Early debated verbal evidence: c. AD 250 — Cyprian, On the Unity of the Church 6; the verbal relationship is debated.

Earliest explicit full Latin formula listed here: c. AD 380 — Priscillian, Liber Apologeticus 1, gives the Father, the Word, and the Spirit bearing witness in heaven and being one.

Earliest Latin Scripture-quotation witness listed here: Fifth century — Codex Speculum (m) contains the Comma in a non-continuous collection of Latin Scripture quotations.

Earliest extant continuous Latin biblical witnesses listed here: Seventh century — the Catholic-Epistle leaves of the Fragmenta Frisingensia and the León Palimpsest contain Comma forms. Codex Fuldensis, copied in AD 546, omits the Comma in its biblical text; its prologue is separate literary evidence.

Doctrinal variantComplex evidenceLatin supportPatristic support
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